The Collegiate Church of Provenzano arose as a Marian shrine. Thus over the centuries many people have entered its doors to ask for grace from Our Lady or to thank Her for grace received, leaving a devotional object, an ex voto, as a gift. The Turkish flag on the upper left wall of the apse is connected with this custom. We know its history thanks to the diary of the man who brought it here. In the year 1683 a young man from a noble Sienese family, Paolo Amerighi, barely seventeen years old and armed with great courage, decided to enlist in the Austrian imperial army, led by Charles V, Duke of Lorraine, in the campaign to free the Hungarian people, at the time subjugated by the Turkish sultan Mohammed IV. On 13 August 1685 the Austrian troops defeated the Turks in Hungary, on the Esseck plain. Our hero from Siena played a leading role in the battle: Paolo Amerighi killed the enemy standard-bearer and took his flag away from him, taking it back to his camp. The commander, as a sign of gratitude for the courage the young man had shown in battle, made a gift to him of the flag he had captured on the field. After this deed, Amerighi remained another year in the imperial army. In 1686 he participated valorously in the Austrian army’s conquest of the city of Buda, up to then in Turkish hands, and on this occasion was wounded. In December of that year, he requested and was granted . . .